Mitral valve regurgitation
Aetiology
• rheumatic fever
• calcification of valve
• hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• infective endocarditis
• mitral leaflet prolapse
• coronary artery disease (left ventricular dilatation displaces the papillary muscles resulting in distortion of the valve leaflets)
• dysfunction of papillary muscle (ischaemic heart disease)
• myocardial infarction
• ventricular aneurysm
• myocardial ischaemia
• calcification of the mitral annulus
Pathophysiology
Systolic regurgitation through mitral valve
Left atrial dilation
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Left ventricular failure
Increased in pulmonary venous pressure
Increased pulmonary artery pressure
Right ventricular hypertrophy and failure
Decreased Cardiac output and ejection fraction
Signs and symptoms
• fatigue
• exertional Dyspnoea
• orthopnoea
• irreversible left ventricular failure
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